Overload cout operator for a dynamic array in a class

Question

I am trying to overload the operator << for cout for a dynamic array in a class. My class and member functions are as follows:

class Matrix{
private:
    int rows;
    int columns;
    double* matrix;
public:
    Matrix();
    explicit Matrix(int N);
    Matrix(int M, int N);
    void setValue(int M, int N, double value);
    double getValue(int M, int N);
    bool isValid() const;
    int getRows();
    int getColumns();
    ~Matrix();
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Matrix&matrix1);

};

    Matrix::Matrix(){
    matrix = NULL;
}

Matrix::Matrix(int N){
    matrix = new double[N * N];
    rows = N;
    columns = N;

    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < N; j++){
            if(i==j)
                matrix[i * N + j] = 1;
            else
                matrix[i * N + j] = 0;
        }
    }
}

Matrix::Matrix(int M, int N){
    matrix = new double[M * N];
    rows = M;
    columns = N;

    for(int i = 0; i < M; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            matrix[i * N + j] =  0;
    }
}

Matrix::~Matrix(){
    delete [] matrix;
}

void Matrix::setValue(int M, int N, double value){
    matrix[M * columns + N] = value;
}

double Matrix::getValue(int M, int N){
    return matrix[M * columns + N];
}

bool Matrix::isValid() const{
    if(matrix==NULL)
        return false;
    else
        return true;
}

int Matrix::getRows(){
    return rows;
}

int Matrix::getColumns(){
    return columns;
}

I've tried to implement the << operator as follows:

ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Matrix&matrix1){
Matrix mat1;
int C = mat1.getColumns();
int R = mat1.getRows();

for(int i = 0; i < R; i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < C; j++)
        out << mat1.getValue(i,j) << "\t";
    out << endl;
}
return out;

}

and call it from a function:

void test(){
Matrix mat1(3,4);
cout << mat1 << endl;

}

but this doesn't print anything at all. It seems like the overload functions doesn't get any values for C and R , but I might be wrong. Anyone got some ideas?

It is suppose to print dynamic matrices on the form

a11     a12     a13    . . .
a21     a22     a23    . . .
.        .       .     . . .
.        .       .     . . .
.        .       .     . . .

Answer 1

You need to print the contents of matrix1 . You are creating a local empty matrix mat1 and printing its contents instead.

ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Matrix& matrix1) 
{
  int C = matrix1.getColumns();
  int R = matrix1.getRows();

  for(int i = 0; i < R; i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < C; j++)
        out << matrix1.getValue(i,j) << "\t";
    out << endl;
  }
  return out;

}

Answer 2

You are printing an empty mat1 , not given matrix1 .

ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Matrix& matrix1)
{
    //Matrix mat1;   // <- Comment ythis
    int C = matrix1.getColumns(); // <<- matrix1
    int R = matrix1.getRows(); // <<- matrix1

    for (int i = 0; i < R; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < C; j++)
            out << matrix1.getValue(i, j) << "\t"; // <<- matrix1
        out << endl;
    }
    return out;
}

Answer 3

我看到这个权利了吗，Matrix1是operator <<的参数，但是您要创建一个新的mat1并输出呢？