Each element of String array contains null

Question

I'm sorry. I am new to Java. I'm trying to count the length of every word in a text file, but when I print the results, every element of the String array where I store the words by length contains a null, and I really don't understand it.

import java.awt.List;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
import edu.duke.*;

public class WordLengths {

    public static void main(String[] args) {


        countWordLengths("/Users/lorenzodalberto/Downloads/ProgrammingBreakingCaesarData/smallHamlet.txt");

    }

    public static void countWordLengths(String fileName) {
        ArrayList<String> myWords = new ArrayList<String>();
        String[] wordInd = new String[20];
        int[] counts= new int[20];

        Scanner sc2 = null;

        try {
            sc2 = new Scanner(new File(fileName));
        }
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }
        while (sc2.hasNextLine()) {
            Scanner s2 = new Scanner(sc2.nextLine());
            while (s2.hasNext()) {
                String word = s2.next();
                myWords.add(word);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("all of my words " + myWords);

        for (String word : myWords) {
            word = word.toLowerCase();
            int length = word.length();
            wordInd[length] += " " + word + " ";
            counts[length] += 1;
            System.out.println(wordInd[length]);
        }

        for (int i = 1; i < counts.length; i++) {
            int j = counts[i];  
            if (j > 0) {
                System.out.println(j + "\t words of length " + i + " " + wordInd[i]);
            }
        }
    }
}

and this is the output:

all of my words [Laer., My, necessaries, are, embark'd., Farewell., And,, sister,, as, the, winds, give, benefit]
null laer. 
null my 
null necessaries 
null are 
null embark'd. 
null embark'd.  farewell. 
null and, 
null sister, 
null my  as 
null are  the 
null laer.  winds 
null and,  give 
null sister,  benefit 
2    words of length 2 null my  as 
2    words of length 3 null are  the 
2    words of length 4 null and,  give 
2    words of length 5 null laer.  winds 
2    words of length 7 null sister,  benefit 
2    words of length 9 null embark'd.  farewell. 
1    words of length 11 null necessaries

Answer 1

If you add a string to null , the null is converted to the string "null" . For instance, null + " hi there" gives "null hi there" .

So if wordInd[length] is null, and you execute

wordInd[length] += " " + word + " ";

Then you are concatenating null to a string, giving you a string starting with "null " .

Try checking for null:

if (wordInd[length]==null) {
    wordInd[length] = word;
} else {
    wordInd[length] += " "+word;
}

Answer 2

When you initialize an array in Java, every empty space of the array is filled with the default value depending of the type.

Since you are creating Arrays of Strings, every slot of the array will contain a "null" value.

Your program is doing what you asked it to do: Add a space -> a new String -> another space for each new word it finds.

Edit: NVM, your question has already been answered :)